What causes Toenail Trauma?
Toenail trauma can result from several factors, including:
- Accidental Injuries such as dropping heavy objects on the toe or hitting it against hard surfaces.
- Repetitive stress from activities like running, hiking, or dancing can place repeated pressure on the nails.
- Tight footwear that pinch or press on the toes can cause nail damage over time.
- Improper removal of costmetic nail enhancements, like acrylic or hard gel polish.
- Bacterial or fungal toenail infections.
Types of Nail Trauma
Toenail trauma can occur in various forms, each needing specific treatment. Here are some of the most common types:
- Subungual hematoma: This happens when blood pools under the nail, causing a painful dark blue or black discolouration.
- Nail Avulsion: This occurs when the nail detaches from the nail bed, often due to severe trauma, forceful pulling, or tearing.
- Nail bed laceration: A nail bed laceration is a deep cut or tear in the skin beneath the nail, often causing pain, bleeding, and potential damage to the nail matrix.
- Nail fractures: A nail fracture occurs when the nail cracks or breaks due to trauma, often causing pain. It can be horizontal or vertical and may involve partial or complete separation from the nail bed.
Complications of Damaged Nails
Nail trauma can lead to significant changes in the affected nail, including:
- Nail thickening: Damage to the nail’s growth centre may cause the nail to thicken as a protective response.
- Nail loosening or detachment: The nail, or part of it, may become loose or fall off, a condition known as nail avulsion.
- Retronychia: Abnormal nail growth beneath the skin fold can lead to pain and discomfort.
- Nail splitting or ridging: Trauma can cause visible splits or ridges on the nail, affecting its smooth appearance.
- Permanent nail changes: In some cases, damage to the nail’s growth area can result in permanent changes, meaning the toenail may never grow back to its original shape.
When to see a Podiatrist
If you’re experiencing severe pain, excessive bleeding, or signs of infection such as pus, redness, or swelling, it’s important to see a podiatrist. You should also seek professional care if your nail has partially or completely detached, or if you suspect a deep laceration or fracture.
Our podiatrists specialise in diagnosing and treating all types of nail trauma, ensuring proper healing and reducing the risk of complications. If you have diabetes, neuropathy, peripheral arterial disease, or a weakened immune system, prompt treatment is especially important.
To prevent further damage, avoid drilling, lifting, or trimming the injured nail. Home treatments can worsen the condition, leading to long-term complications. When in doubt, professional care is the safest option.
Please call us at Elite Podiatry to organise an appointment for an assessment, diagnosis and treatment.
