What is the difference between Flat & Prontated feet?
Flat feet, pronated feet and and overpronation, although often seen together, are distinct conditions that can exist independently.
Pronation is a normal movement of the foot which occurs just after the heel touches the ground when walking. This means that the foot rolls inwards and arch lowers, to allow the foot to mould to the surface and to absorb shocks.
Over-pronation is where too much pronation occurs, or it occurs too rapidly, which places additional stresses on the ankle, knee, hip and lower back.
A flat foot is usually evident from observing the foot, whereas someone who overpronate’s may have a normal arch when standing still, which flattens excessively whilst walking or running.
The appearance of a flat foot is normal in infants, partially due to an increase in fat in this area, and also due to the arch not yet being fully developed. In teenagers and older people, however, it is less common and can cause problems.
What causes Flat Feet?
- An abnormality that is present from birth
- Stretched or torn tendons
- Tendon damage or inflammation.
- Some health conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis
- Nerve problems
- Obesity
- Diabetes
- Aging
- Pregnancy
Symptoms of Flat Feet
There are many people who have flat feet and won’t experience any issues. However, others may experience the following symptoms:
- Aching or discomfort, especially in the arches and heels
- Pain in the back, knees, or leg
- Trouble with foot movements like standing on toes
- Swelling on the inner ankle
- One or both feet appearing flat
- Shoes feeling uneven when worn
- Feet tiring easily
If you are experiencing any of these symptoms it is important to have your feet assessed by one of our expert podiatrists at Elite Podiatry to determine the cause and treat it accordingly.
Acquired Flat Feet: Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction (PTTD)
Acquired flat feet results from Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction (PTTD), where the arch collapses due to tendon weakness, impacting foot stability.
Causes and Risk Factors may include:
- Overuse or Injury.
Aging: Tendons may weaken and lose elasticity with age, increasing the risk of
dysfunction. - Foot Structure.
- Medical Conditions: Obesity, diabetes, and arthritis can increase risk.
- Females are at greater risk.
- Limb Length.
- Discrepancy.
Symptoms
- Pain and swelling along the inner ankle and foot.
- Noticeable flattening of the foot arch.
- Difficulty walking, especially on uneven surfaces.
- Sensation of the tendon snapping or popping.
Diagnosis:
- Physical Examination: Assessment of foot structure and range of motion.
- Imaging: X-rays or ultrasound to evaluate tendon integrity and deformity.
- Biomechanical assessment.
Treatment Options
Non-Surgical Management
- Rest and Activity.
- Modification Immobilisation: Use of a moon boot or ankle brace for added stability.
- Orthotics.
- Physical Therapy: Strengthening exercises.
- Medications: NSAIDs for pain relief.
Surgical Options:
- If conservative treatments fail or for advanced cases, surgical intervention may be necessary.
